How to Spot These 6 Financial Warning Signs and What They Mean

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If you read the headlines of national and local news, it is amazing that so many businesses are seemingly strong one day, and the next they are closing or filing for bankruptcy.

One of the many reasons this happens is that business owners and managers don’t pay attention (or don’t want to acknowledge) the financial warning signs that could have saved them. By the time the financial collapse starts, it’s often too late to change course.

6 Warning Signs You Can Look For

To help you spot these warning signs, here are the 6 financial red flags that we coach our clients to take action against:

  1. [The Most Telling Sign] Cash Holdings and Equity Are Lower Compared to the Previous Periods
    Take a look at your balance sheet and income statement to determine your overall cash holdings and equity (Assets-Liabilities). If your liabilities are higher, ask why.  Negotiate terms to lower credit rates, extend payment terms, etc. Involve other departments to determine how your business can operate more efficiently and cost-effectively. Discuss simple ways to increase revenue without significantly increasing overhead.
  2. Days in Accounts Receivable Increasing
    Many customers are pushing the envelope with their payment terms. Create a process for collecting outstanding receivables, and ratchet it up when customers start paying late. Customers often pay those vendors with strong systems, and delay payment to those suppliers who don’t have solid collections practices. This doesn’t mean that you won’t work with a long-standing customer who asks you for some flexibility. It does mean that you implement smart AR strategies such as late payment fees, outsourced collections help and credit reporting with clear communication and consistency.
  3. Not Enough Cash Flow for Accounts Payable
    Order in smaller quantities of goods/services from your suppliers. Talk to vendors to negotiate extended terms, leveraging your long-standing relationship and good business practices.  Use a credit card with 60-day terms to maximize the number of days to pay (make sure to review your credit card agreement and understand the terms). Search for discounts for paying within terms if your suppliers won’t stretch the terms. These strategies may not impact your cash flow immediately, but they can have an overall impact by improving your bottom line, since you are buying product or services at a lower price. Get a good handle on your inventory, turn rate, spoilage, sales trends, etc. so you actually buy smarter.
  4. Evaluate Profit Margins and Turnover Ratios
    We all know that decreasing profit margins are a bad sign, but they can’t be evaluated alone. Turnover ratios are also an important factor. Remember, mega grocery stores and warehouse clubs have low profit margins, but high turnover ratios that result in adequate net income and, more importantly, reasonable cash flow. The key is to look at both your profit margins and turnover rates together because how they interact will ultimately tell you how much cash has flowed into your bank account.
  5. Indirect Overhead Growing with Increase in Sales
    Take a hard look at operations. Are you running as efficiently as you could be? Are your employees productive or can they take on more responsibilities? There are more costs to adding employees than just salary, benefits and taxes. You have equipment, space, recruiting/training time, etc. for each employee you hire. The goal is to increase sales without increasing your fixed overhead. If you find there is nothing you can do to avoid increasing your fixed costs, you might need to re-evaluate your business strategy to determine how you can raise your profit margins to accommodate for your increase.
  6. Warning Signs Outside Your Business
    Every business should use and review a weekly dashboard that includes many of the warning sign financial metrics listed above: gross profit margin, average daily outstanding AR, inventory turns, days payable outstanding, available line of credit, operating profit margin, etc.  But ultimately, there are other warning signs that may not be on your dashboard.   Below is a story from a business who engaged a trusted advisor for an outside perspective.

 A Real-World Example of Heeding the Warning Signs

“Most people under-emphasize the available line of credit,” says Joe Dresnok, a consultant with Management Horizons. “The perfect storm for a company is a down economy, reduced sales and the inability to reduce overhead. When this happens, a company needs to access their credit lines to get through the tough times, and invest in other avenues to generate revenue.”

But during a slow economy, banks will reduce credit lines. One of Joe’s clients had a $300,000 line of credit, of which they had drawn down 1/3.  Joe and his team recommended the client draw down the rest of the credit line. Within 30 days, the bank came to give the “bad news” that they were reducing the company’s credit line to $100,000. The company was happy to report they had already tapped out all $300,000 of the original credit line. “In essence, they preserved $200,000, which translated to staying power.”  In this case, it was definitely worth the cost of that credit to preserve the line.

Each company has its own specific set of measurements (metrics) to help owners understand what to look out for in their financials. (Here are the 8 essential financial metrics we recommend tracking.)  This will at least give you the chance to prevent your company from embodying a quote from Ernest Hemingway:  When asked how one goes bankrupt, he said “Two ways:  Gradually, and then suddenly.”

Watch for the warning signs!

What’s the Key Number You Rely On Daily?

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by Bernadette Peters

Key performance indicators can tell us how well we are doing in our businesses.  But sometimes waiting for accounting software data entry and reporting can be too late for us to make important adjustments quickly.

Many businesses rely on key numbers they can access quickly each day to give them an idea of how they are really doing financially. It can take some time to figure out what that metric is, however, once you do, you are much more prepared to make smart business decisions on the fly.

Coffee Shop Looks at 3 Sales Categories

A young coffee shop and wine bar owner was tracking daily revenues to determine the appropriate number of staff to schedule on a shift.  An early mistake they made was to staff only on the basis of revenue. They later learned that transactions were much smaller and the volume was much higher in the mornings, requiring more staff. And although revenues were much stronger in the evening, higher transactions and retail wine sales required less manpower. Now they look at three distinct categories of sales: coffee drinks, retail wine and enter orders. They can get this information at any time through their point of sale system, which is updated instantly as transactions occur.

Management is able to understand peak volume times and days by looking at this data over an extended period of time. From this information they can understand how to better staff their operation to ensure high-quality customer service experience.

Strategy Consulting Firm Drills Deeper

A typical strategy consulting firm would normally review income and expenses after services have been completed and billed.  However, one firm in particular reviews several other numbers to determine how well they are doing and what adjustments to make along the way.

Jeff Pruett, CFO at ATPAC Group, previously worked as the CFO of a marketing strategy consulting company.  He indicated that his former consulting company looked not only at revenue per consultant, but they also determined how to maximize a consultant’s 40-hour work week via revenue per full-time equivalent employee company wide. This allowed management to determine the ideal work force size. 

Jeff also reviewed how much of the consulting pool’s time was spent on billable and productive activities as opposed to “bench” time to understand how consultants are utilized and billed. He also reviewed project contribution margins as part of ongoing analysis of an in-process job to see if the job is getting in to trouble prior to its delivery and whether it’s losing margin.

What are Your Key Daily Numbers?

What are the key daily numbers that are essential to making decisions about your business on the fly?Determining what these numbers are in your particular business might require some help from a professional, but once you do, your management team can be much better prepared to make smart proactive business decisions. It may require measuring numerous metrics for a period of time, sometimes even two years or more, before you can figure out which metric or group of metrics are truly predictive for your business.

Need some guidance in determining these metrics? The Numbers Coach is here to help. Contact us today for a complementary review session of your numbers.

A Financial Dashboard Helps You Manage Your Business in Minutes

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There are many hats to wear when you own a business. One moment you’re a salesperson, the next you’re working on customer service or human resources. It comes with the territory.

But not all hats are equally comfortable. For many entrepreneurs, the financial management hat can be a tough fit. Why? Business owners have time limitations, and the time commitment for financial management can seem too great.

A good dashboard, however, can help make financial oversight of your business time-effective. You need only spend a few minutes weekly to have a good idea of where you stand.

Key Data at a Glance

Here is a dashboard that’s designed for a manufacturing operation. It focuses on just four pieces of basic financial information:

  • Sales
  • Cost of goods sold
  • Expenses
  • Profits

Let’s assume the business is the startup of a first-time business owner. The metrics are very simple. The graphical presentation is attractive. The dashboard provides real-time figures for the current month, as well as year-to-date performance. The first metric the owner sees on the dashboard is sales – arguably an important piece of information for a new business. The current month’s sales are broken down by product, so the owner can quickly check which products are selling well and which are selling poorly. Below the monthly sales total is a bar graph of the year’s trend, which shows steady progress. At the bottom of the column is a comparison against plan, which quantifies actual versus budgeted sales.

The purpose of the dashboard is to provide up-to-date information about the key performance metrics of the business. In just a few minutes, the owner can grasp the extent of the company’s sales success (or failure, as the case may be) with insight into the products and cost characteristics most responsible for the results. Spotting trends early can help a business owner make changes need to impact the financial results.

Tracking Your Key Metrics

The dashboard example provides some key metrics for a fledgling manufacturing company. But, what if your company provides professional services? Obviously, you need different metrics for your dashboard. Each business is unique, and the metrics tracked will vary from one business to the next.

Here are some of the key metrics Trillium Financial tracks for its clients:

Profit & Loss Metrics

  • Sales Growth
  • Gross Profit
  • Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
  • Net Profit
  • Fixed Overhead as a Percentage of Sales
  • Sales per Full-time Employee
  • Net Profit per Full-time Employee Equivalent

Balance Sheet Metrics

  • Days’ Sales Outstanding (collection cycle)
  • Inventory Turnover Rate
  • Days’ Payables Outstanding (payment cycle)
  • Debt-to-Equity Ratio
  • Current Ratio

Trend Metrics

  • Sales for Trailing 12 Months
  • Gross Profit for Trailing 12 Months
  • EBITDA for Trailing 12 Months

As you might imagine, an experienced business owner may know some of his financial ratios like the back of his hand. Even so, an owner should use a dashboard to track metrics that are important for their current financial management and most of all those metrics that drive cash flow. The metrics will likely change over time to add precision. For example, an experienced owner might know that overtime pay is the surest way to diminish the company’s profitability. Their dashboard tracks the average labor rate paid as a key business metric. A documented metric helps you spot trends that can create action.

A business may start out measuring a bunch of different metrics that are both financial and operational and eventually narrow the number of metrics down to those that are predictive and meaningful. I encourage you to develop a dashboard that helps you manage your business; after all, “What gets measured gets done.”

Let us know how we can help you develop a dashboard that works for your business.

What Is the Balanced Scorecard? (And Why Should You Care?)

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By Michael Iverson

If a business advisor told you that more than half of the largest U.S. corporations used a particular management tool, chances are pretty good that you would be interested in using it for your business.   The balanced scorecard is, in fact, widely used by America’s largest companies. Editors of the Harvard Business Review named it one of the most influential business ideas of the past 75 years.

The purpose of the balanced scorecard is alignment of strategy with the daily activities of a business.  It was introduced as a performance measurement framework in the 1990s by two business professors — Drs. Robert Kaplan and David Norton. The idea is to augment traditional financial business metrics with strategic, non-financial performance measurements. In combination, the two very different kinds of measurements provide a more balanced view of a company’s performance, especially its progress toward achieving long-term, strategic objectives.

A Change of Focus

The balanced scorecard attempts to address a long-time shortcoming of U.S. businesses – their focus on attainment of quarterly earnings goals, while paying too little attention to building long-term value. By focusing on near-term earnings, which are easily measurable, American businesses often neglect investment in intangibles, the returns of which are more difficult to measure.

Focusing on past events causes companies to under-invest in important areas like product and process innovation, building and retaining employee skills, and improving customer satisfaction levels.  These intangibles contribute significantly to the long-term value of a business.  Companies create future value by investing in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology and innovation – the intangibles that matter today.

Companies can only improve management of their intangible assets if they integrate measurement of those intangibles into their management systems. This notion led to development of a management tool for describing, communicating and implementing strategy – the balanced scorecard.

The scorecard envisions a company’s Vision and Strategy at the center of a continuous feedback loop, surrounded by four perspectives, each with its own business metrics. A company collects and analyzes data relative to each perspective.

The Learning & Growth Perspective

Employee training, individual growth and company-wide improvement are hallmarks of great companies. Employees who embrace technological advances and mentoring become more productive. Their collective knowledge significantly enhances the company’s value.

The Business Process Perspective

Managers need to know how well the business is performing based on its internal processes. Are the internal processes allowing the company to produce quality products and services, while achieving incremental improvement? The metrics for this perspective are unique to each business and should be designed by managers who are intimately aware of both internal processes and customer needs.

The Customer Perspective

Perhaps the most important management concept of recent years is the realization that meeting, if not exceeding, customer expectations is a leading indicator of business success. Customers whose expectations are met or exceeded become extremely loyal, building business value. When expectations are not met, customers begin to look for other suppliers.

The Financial Perspective

Traditional financial analysis does provide useful information. Kaplan and Norton suggest that it is most useful when it encompasses risk assessment and cost-benefit measurements, and when it is balanced by data from the other three perspectives.

If you would like help in creating a balanced scorecard for your business, just give us a call at (404) 353-2148 or send us an email, and we will be happy to help!

What is the One Best Yardstick to Measure your Business Success?

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Mike Iverson’s client had it all figured out. He knew exactly how well his business was doing every month, without researching complicated data or paying an expensive consultant. He just looked at his phone bill. If the number of outbound calls was up, he could bet that his revenues for that month would be up, too.

A reckless, haphazard guess? Just the opposite. Iverson’s client had found a simple metric that he could track every month and immediately gauge the health of his business.

The concept of a simple metric as a forecaster of financial health belongs to Norm Brodsky, a successful serial entrepreneur and writer for Inc. magazine. The idea is for every company to find that one magic metric – the connection between a routine business function and the positive growth of a company.

“I think every business has it,” says Mike Iverson, Numbers Coach. “Every small business can put a finger on a certain key number that can tell you how you will end up that month.”

The trick, of course, is uncovering exactly which numbers have that relationship in your business. For example, if call volume goes up and sales go down, you’ve got the wrong metric. It is important to track as many numbers as possible in the beginning, because it may take two years (or more) to find the leading indicator. Also, recommends Iverson, track the numbers by hand. The process of writing the numbers down with a pencil and paper will help you realize the connections.

Here are seven important metrics for any business. Track them for 3 months and see which one gives the greatest transparency to the rest of your business:

  1. The Trailing 12-Month Sales Average: By monitoring – and graphing – sales from the 12 months prior, you’ll get a visual of the progress of sales, while taking seasonal issues out. If it’s July 2025, look at July 2024 through June 2025. Graph each month’s sales and see where the highs and lows were, and what the average was. If that 12 month average is trending up, it’s good. If the graph line is flat or declining something is causing sales not to perform.“If you look at just sales numbers month to month, you won’t see it,” says Iverson. “This is a visual metric: you want to see that 12-month trailing graph trending up.”
  2. Operating Profit Percentage: This shows the extent to which a company is making a profit on standard operations. When looking for indicating factors, ask, ‘Is this percent holding steady, increasing or decreasing?’  You can also examine this on a trailing 12-month average.
  3. Accounts Receivables Cash Conversion Cycle: If you extend credit to customers, track how long it takes to collect cash from the time the bill is sent. What is your cash conversion cycle (or DSO – Days Sales Outstanding)? Be careful about the terms extended to your customers; you have set them for a specific reason. If customers go beyond those time limits, you’ll feel the pinch.
  4. Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO): In theory, you should keep the least amount of inventory on hand as possible. In a perfect scenario, you would get the order in just in time to have it manufactured and sent out; the longer inventory sits unsold the more of a drain it is on your cash.
  5. Disbursement Cycle: These are the terms you get from your vendors. The longer you can hold on to your money and the faster you get it from your customers, the better.
  6. Working Capital as a Percent of Your Revenue: This is an important financial set of measures to look at because it is often overlooked by business owners, says Iverson. “They know to look at the income statement. But if all that operating profit is getting absorbed into working capital, then there won’t be enough cash flow to grow the business,” he says.Receivables and inventory are investments.  (And in the same way vendors have an investment in you.) You’ll want to invest as little as possible of your revenue in working capital. Turn your receivables to cash, your inventory into billing, and hold on as long as you can to your money. Look at the number of days net working capital is invested every month (or cents on the dollar of what’s invested). If you don’t have enough cash flow to cover what you’ve got invested, you’ve got a problem.
  7. Return on Capital Employed (ROCE ) Percent: According to FinanceScholar.com, ROCE measures the efficiency and profitability of a company’s capital investments. For example, capital assets such as trucks and computers should help make the business more efficient, cut down on costs and realize greater profits.  The ROCE percentage also indicates whether the company is earning sufficient revenues and profits in order to make the best use of its capital assets. The higher the percentage the better.

Tracking the numbers involved with these seven metrics over a period of time will give you an idea of which is the leading indicator for your business.

“It seems like the concept would be complex, something more to it. But really there’s not. If you break it down and keep it simple, the metric can give a business owner an easier way to digest information and act,” says Iverson.

Start measuring today so you can figure out what actions to take in order to achieve your financial goals.   The Numbers Coach can help; just contact us at (404) 353-2148 or mike@numberscoach.net.

Could Cash Flow Be the Problem?

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by Collette Parker

Did you know that almost half of businesses have their best-ever year right before they file for bankruptcy? They grow right out of business, and usually it’s not because of lack of sales – it’s poor management of cash.

“They may have had their best year on paper, but when you look at cash flow and working capital’ it’s going south real fast,” says Mike Iverson, CPA, and CEO of Trillium Financial.

The old adage is true: you can’t manage what you don’t measure. And even if sales are good, if you have vendors and employees asking for money, and customers who don’t have to pay for another 45 days – it’s a perfect storm for a cash crisis.

“Take the time to do a financial business plan every year,” Iverson says. Not 30 pages, but a simple two-pager with a financial forecast and a budget for 12 months. “That will give small businesses a leg up from those businesses who don’t write this out.”

Visuals help. It’s not enough to just go through a plan in your head. The process of examining your business closely enough to work out a model and a 12 month plan helps you to understand the flow of your business, including issues of seasonality. If you plan cash flow properly you can figure out how much money you can have in hand when you go into manufacturing season, and how much you’ll make in the selling season. “You can’t just set a $12 million goal, and divide the revenue figures by 12 for the year,” says Iverson.

One financial management tool that is useful in managing cash is a 12-month trailing budget. Once January closes, look at the last 12 months (including January) and chart the revenue. Then look at December and the 12 months prior. Are the numbers higher or lower? Look at the graph. Is it flattening out? Going down? “Graphing a trailing 12 month budget is a simple visual tool,” says Iverson, “and can be used for both sales and expenses.”

“If your management team sees a graph instead of a bunch of numbers, they can understand the concept. Hopefully you’re spotting a positive trend. Either way, you can understand what your cash trends are, and then have a budget that is detailed enough to effectively plan for the year.”

When planning the budget for healthy cash flow, be mindful of how much is invested in your working capital, and keep track of three key areas:

1. Accounts Receivables – Unless you are a cash business, chances are you extend credit to your customers. If your terms are 30 days, your customers should pay you within 30 days, not longer. If you begin to see a trend where customers are waiting 45–60 days to pay, you will probably begin to see cash flow problems. Don’t be a free bank for your customers.

Look at ways to reduce the time it takes customers to pay you: ask for advances from customers, or a down payment, installment, or some level of prepaid portion of the sale. If you’re in the situation where you really need the cash now, you can work with a factoring firm for receivables, or the bank for a loan.

2. Accounts Payable – Have favorable credit terms and solid partnerships with your vendors. In this area, you want to hold on to your money as long as you can. But, if vendors offer early payment discounts and you can afford to take it, go ahead. Sometimes, even if you have to borrow the money to pay early, it might make sense to do so. If you can borrow money at eight percent and take a two percent discount for 10 days early (2% 10 net 30) you are effectively earning 36 percent over a year. (If you do that, make sure the borrowing doesn’t put you at risk for running out of cash and not being able to pay your other bills.)

3. Inventory – Manage your inventory so that it doesn’t sit in a warehouse for too long. Once you’ve paid for the inventory, it should be sold and generate profit for you. Adjust your inventory for the seasonality of your industry so you’re never caught with too much.

An example of good management of these three factors would be to extend 30 day terms to customers, purchase inventory and turn it around in 15 days; and pay vendors in 30 days.

Financial planning doesn’t have to be complicated to be effective. Measuring the past 12 months of working capital performance, income statement performance, sales growth and profit, will give you a really good picture of your business and let you prepare for future sustainable growth.

Metrics: It’s Time to Keep Score in Your Business

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by Tim Fulton

I enjoy playing golf but it can be a very frustrating game.

For that reason, I typically do not keep score when I play golf. I find that it makes the game more enjoyable when I leave the scorecard and the half-pencil in the clubhouse. I have also found that over the past three decades that I have played golf, my game has not improved at all. If anything, it has deteriorated over time. But then it is hard to tell because…I don’t keep score.

When friends ask what I normally shoot when I play golf, I usually respond with: “mid-90’s.” That sounds pretty good and seems about right. The funny thing is that when I do actually keep score, I usually shoot in the high 90’s to low 100’s. In other words, I don’t score as well as I presume I do.

Many small business owners manage their business just like I play golf. They don’t keep score. Their reasoning is very similar to mine as well. They say it just makes running their small enterprise that much more frustrating if they must look at monthly financial statements or weekly sales reports. In addition, since they work in the business every day they “know” how the business is doing. When I ask a business owner questions about profit margins, sales figures, specific ratios; I will either get a blank stare (bad sign) or a rough estimate. Upon examining their financial statements, I usually find that their “rough estimates” are overstated (sometimes dramatically).

I tell small business owners that the question is not whether or not they should be keeping score in their business. What they are operating is not a leisurely walk in the park slapping a silly white ball from tee to green. This is their livelihood. This is their dream. This is their business. . . Instead, I inform them that the key question is what to keep score of? What should they be measuring and monitoring on a regular basis? How can they check the pulse of their business on a day-to-day basis?

My dad was an entrepreneur. He was not the owner of the business but he had to think like an owner. He was in charge of operating a large warehouse distribution center. I can remember being in his office and always seeing a small piece of notepaper (this was before “Post-Its”) in the upper front corner of his desk. On that piece of paper there were three numbers scribbled down. On one occasion I asked my dad what those numbers were. Little did I know at that time that I was about to receive one of the best business management lessons I ever received (in or out of business school).

My dad responded that his bookkeeper brought him this sheet of paper every day with three (3) numbers written on it. The numbers included the past day’s total sales, this day’s bank deposit, and the amount of accounts receivable outstanding that particular day. He explained to me that those three numbers gave him the “pulse” of the business each and every day. This is how he kept score of his business. Through his experience in managing this business, he knew what to look for in these numbers. He knew what was “below-par,” “par,” and “above-par.” He knew when his business “game” was on and when it was off. No guesswork here.

No one day’s number would cause a panic. He was more concerned with patterns. Were sales increasing? Were receivables under control? He had a mental chart of each of these figures and would take action when action was necessary.

In addition to these daily reports, he would also receive weekly sales and inventory reports. He paid close attention to the monthly financial statements when they arrived. However, it was those daily reports that he relied upon most and allowed him to best keep score of his business. They were timely. They were accurate. They were critical to his ability to successfully manage this multi-million dollar operation.

What numbers should you receive every day? You decide. Possibilities include sales figures, bank deposits, inventory levels, employee timesheets, production reports, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and profit margins. Every industry has different areas of performance that need to be looked at regularly.

I think three is the magic number. Pick any three of these numbers and watch them every single working day. That is your mini-report card for the day. That is your scorecard. Set reasonable standards for each figure and be prepared to take action when necessary.

Keep score for your business and watch it improve and grow.

Use Your Dashboard to Monitor Profitability

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by Michael Iverson

Believe it or not, it is possible to manage the financial side of your business in only a few minutes each week. With a good dashboard, you can quickly review the key drivers of the business to know how well you are doing.

Here are some metrics you might want on your dashboard. Let’s consider your Income Statement (aka, Statement of Profit & Loss, or P&L) and four profitability metrics that derive from the Income Statement:

  1. Price
  2. Gross Profit Margin
  3. EBITDA
  4. Net Profit

1.  Is the Price. . . Right?

As consumers, we know that Price represents the specific dollar amount a vendor charges for a given product or service. Business owners tend to think about Price differently. In the context of the Income Statement, Price represents the average dollar amount a business charges customers for a product or service sold during a reporting period (month, quarter, year, etc.). Because it is an average of all products and services sold, it might seem like a statistic that’s not particularly noteworthy. However, the statistic can be used for benchmarking – comparing the average price for the current reporting period against the average price for a prior period, for example.

Price is a variable component of Sales for the period, meaning it’s possible to increase or decrease the price and see the flow-through impact on bottom-line profits. In some instances, a price increase substantially improves the Net Profit of the business. In a price-sensitive environment, a price increase is rejected by some customers and sales volume may actually decline. When Price is a component of your dashboard, a quick glance provides some indication of customers’ price sensitivity for your products and services – which certainly is important for an owner to know because it has important implications for business profitability.

2.  Managing Gross Profit Margin

Gross Profit Margin is one of the most basic measurements of profitability. Sales less Cost of Goods Sold yields Gross Profit. Cost of Goods Sold includes direct costs of production, such as materials and production labor. The Gross Profit Margin is simply Gross Profit (GP) expressed as a percentage of sales. A business with sales of $50 million for the reporting period and a $25 million Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) has a 50 percent Gross Profit Margin (calculated as CGS/GP).

Gross Profit Margin is an important gauge of profitability. If a company does not generate adequate gross profit to cover its other operating costs, then it cannot become profitable. In addition, much like Price, it provides a good benchmark. It is especially useful when compared to other companies in the same industry. If a company’s Gross Profit Margin is significantly lower than those of competitors, the costs of its primary inputs (generally, material and production labor costs) may be too high and the company will have a tough time competing.

3.  EBITDA

EBITDA is an acronym for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization. EBITDA is a measure of profitability that goes a step beyond Gross Profit. EBITDA includes another layer of costs, which are typically classified as selling and administrative expenses (sometimes referred to as overhead costs). It excludes interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, which are considered to be non-operating costs. EBITDA is a measure of profitability from operations and plays a role in the valuation of a company. Like most profitability measures, an upward trend over time is desirable.

4.  Net Profit – The Bottom Line

Net Profit is the final line of the Income Statement, hence the alias “The Bottom Line.”  In terms of accounting, regulatory compliance and most debt covenants, Net Profit (or Net Income) is the most complete measure of a company’s financial performance. It includes all the costs subtracted from sales. A growing Net Profit figure over a sustained period of time suggests that a business is managed effectively.

 

A dashboard with these income statement metrics can help you more efficiently manage and make decisions for your business. There can be other factors and income statement metrics that drive your business and we would be glad to discuss which ones make the most sense for you.  Contact us for a no-obligation assessment of your dashboard metrics.

Put Your Working Capital to Work in Understanding Your Financial Dashboard

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by Michael Iverson

I often remind clients to pay attention to their working capital levels, particularly in today’s economic environment, when banks have shown a reluctance to lend to small businesses. Business owners need to maintain liquidity, generate positive cash flow and – to the extent possible – prepare to fund growth internally. Working capital is critical to your financial dashboard, a tool we recommend you as a business owner use to monitor your financial health.

Understand Working Capital

Let’s begin by defining working capital. Simply stated, it is the difference between current assets and current liabilities. A common perception is that a profitable business always has adequate working capital; however, that is not necessarily true. Profitable businesses can, and do, experience capital crunches. Often, an effort to expand operations aggressively is the cause of a shortage of working capital.

Working capital is composed of primarily of Accounts Receivable, Inventory, and Accounts Payable. A business owner needs to consider changes to these short-term assets and liabilities in order to ensure the business generates adequate operating cash flow.

For example, an increase in Accounts Receivable might mean a business is falling behind its in collections. Sales offered on credit, a business is effectively making a non-interest bearing short-term loan to its customer. Collecting accounts promptly is important. An aged invoice that goes past its due date can have a negative effect on cash flow. The business used precious resources to bring a product to market and sell it, but until the account is collected those funds are unavailable.

For my clients that extend credit, I recommend a dashboard metric called Days Sales Outstanding (“DSO”). It measures the relationship between Accounts Receivable and Sales. When this metric spikes higher than a specified level, then collections are not keeping pace. A quick glance at the dashboard shows you the trend of the metric. Measuring and understanding the drivers of the metric can help you identify where to make changes.

For businesses with inventory, it’s important to make sure that inventory is not consuming capital unnecessarily. Is inventory getting sold on the schedule? As with aging Accounts Receivable, a buildup of inventory ties up your cash resources when it is not converted to cash on a timely basis. The Inventory Turnover Ratio is a dashboard metric that highlights this trend. When the ratio decreases, it can signal an upcoming cash flow problem.

Another balance sheet account in working capital is Accounts Payable. Accounts Payable is the opposite of Accounts Receivable, where your business has been extended a short-term interest free loan from your vendor. When a business slows down its vendor payments, it is conserving cash. A business will at times use this strategy when it is experiencing slower payments in Accounts Receivable. Days Payable Outstanding (“DPO”) is a metric that measures your payment cycle trend. Consider putting it on your dashboard. Measuring your DPO helps identify when you may be disbursing funds faster or slower than expected.

Working Capital Ratios

To recap, here are the Working Capital ratios that I recommend you measure:

  • Days Sales Outstanding
  • Inventory Turnover Rate
  • Days Payable Outstanding

If you don’t understand the relationship of these metrics on your operating cash flow, your business can quickly become a very profitable operation that is very quickly running out of cash.

Developing a financial dashboard helps you manage review key metrics to gain insights on making decisions for your business. Schedule a free consultation with our Numbers Coach, where we are glad to discuss metrics that make the most sense for your business.

What Does Break-Even Look Like?

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by Michael Iverson

In a recent article, I discussed the importance of knowing the fixed and variable costs of your business, as well as the break-even point. I’d like to revisit the topic using an illustration that I think you will find helpful. As the saying goes, “a picture’s worth a thousand words.”

Let’s review the particulars of the business mentioned in the previous article. For the year 2012, Acme Company had fixed costs of $2.9 million. The sales price of a unit of product was $112 and the variable costs were $44.70 per unit.

This Sales Table presents sales in 6,000-unit increments. The top line of the table shows no sales and fixed costs of $2.9 million, resulting in a loss of $2.9 million. Toward the middle of the table is 42,000 units sold, with a small loss of $96,000. The break-even point is $4.8 million of sales revenue, or 43,430 units at $112 sales price.

Actual sales for the year were 91,800 units with revenue of $10.2 million. As the table reveals, 90,000 units sold produces a profit of $3.1 million. However, Acme Company did even better.

Now, let’s look at the accompanying Break Even Analysis chart.

Dollar amounts on the vertical axis correspond to unit sales levels on the horizontal axis. The green line represents Fixed Costs of $2.9 million, which do not change with increases in unit sales. The red line represents Sales Revenues, which increase as unit sales increase—to the right along the horizontal axis. The blue line represents Total Costs.

The intersection of the red and blue lines is the break-even point. The area between the red and blue lines to the left of break-even represents losses; the area between the red and blue lines to the right of break-even represents profits. Acme Company generated sales in 2012 that put it well into the profit zone.

Between the table and the chart, you get a good sense of the dynamics between fixed costs, variable costs, and break-even. Understanding your monthly and annual break-even point is an important planning tool. It provides your team with a reference point of knowing when you are operating at a profit or a loss.

If you would like help in understanding your business’s break-even point, contact us.  We’re here to help!